Ultimate India Landmarks Guide ~ A Journey Through Time

Jaipur Wind Palace

India’s rich history is a tapestry woven with threads of opulence, royalty, and architectural grandeur, laying the foundation for the extraordinary landmarks that grace the country today. From the stunning Mughal architecture to the intricacies of Rajputana palaces, this guide will introduce you to some of India’s most iconic landmarks and some lesser-known yet equally compelling must-visit destinations.

The Majestic Taj Mahal

India’s most famous and recognisable landmark – the Taj Mahal – serves as a testament to the architectural brilliance of the Mughal Empire and a stunning shrine to eternal love.

It was built by Emperor Shah Jahan as a symbol of his eternal love for his beloved wife, Mumtaz Maha, who passed away while giving birth to their 14th child.  This elaborate mausoleum is crafted with intricate designs and embellishments, including ornate marble carvings, beautiful gardens, and reflecting pools.  It is even more incredible in real life than any photo.

The construction of this grand complex spanned over 22 years and involved around 20,000 workers. Today, people from all over the world come to see this incredible monument, often at sunrise when the views are simply magical.

This architectural masterpiece is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a New Seven Wonder of the World. It is a must-visit destination for your India bucket list.

India Gate: A Tribute to Bravery

India Gate is an iconic war memorial at the heart of New Delhi, and stands tall as a national emblem, encapsulating both pride and sacrifice. Designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens, the architect of New Delhi, this monumental structure is a poignant tribute to the soldiers of the Undivided Indian Army who made the ultimate sacrifice during World War I (1914-1921).

Its architectural grandeur draws inspiration from the famed Arch de Triomphe in Paris, reflecting the solemnity of remembrance and the enduring spirit of heroism.Serving as more than a memorial, India Gate is a hallowed space for contemplation, inviting visitors to reflect on the nation’s history and the indomitable contributions of its armed forces.

Besides its historical significance, the India Gate has become an emblematic symbol of India. Families and couples often visit this monument on weekends to stroll, enjoy ice cream, and capture precious moments against its enduring backdrop. The once-silent cupola, which was earlier adorned with a statue of King George, now stands as a testimony to the victory of the freedom movement, the retreat of the British, and the dawn of India’s independence.

Agra Fort: A Testament to Mughal Grandeur

Agra Fort, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Agra, stands as a formidable testament to the grandeur of Mughal architecture and the region’s historical significance.

It was commissioned by Emperor Akbar in 1565 and later embellished by successive Mughal rulers, including Shah Jahan.  Built predominantly with red sandstone, the fort’s imposing walls stretch for over two kilometres, encapsulating an expansive complex of palaces, mosques, and gardens.  The fort represents a harmonious fusion of Persian, Turkish, and Indian architectural styles.

The fort’s inner structures, such as the Jahangiri Mahal, Khas Mahal, and Diwan-i-Khas, showcase intricate carvings, elegant domes, and captivating courtyards, each narrating tales of Mughal opulence and political prowess. Agra Fort served as a military stronghold and as the seat of the Mughal Empire during critical periods. From its strategic vantage point, the fort offers breathtaking views of the Taj Mahal, further emphasising its historical significance and inclusion in India’s rich architectural legacy.

Today, Agra Fort stands as an architectural marvel and a window into India’s regal past, attracting visitors from around the world.

Gateway of India: The Emblem of Mumbai

Nestled between the crashing waves of the Arabian Sea and the iconic Taj Mahal Palace Hotel, the Gateway of India stands tall, serving as a symbolic landmark in the vibrant city of Mumbai.

The Gateway of India is a magnificent monument with great historical significance. It was built in 1924, in memory of the royal visit of King George V and Queen Mary in 1911.

For the people of India, the Gateway of India is a symbol of resilience and endurance. It has witnessed the passage of time, from the colonial era to the country’s independence. It remains a testament to Mumbai’s cosmopolitan character, welcoming diverse communities and cultures with open arms.

Hawa Mahal: The Palace of Winds

Hawa Mahal, also known as the “Palace of Winds,” is an enchanting architectural gem in the heart of Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.

This unique palace is a splendid representation of Rajputana architecture, designed in the form of Lord Krishna’s crown, with its 953 windows – its most distinctive feature – resembling the peacock’s plumes.These latticed windows were also designed to allow royal women to observe street festivities and daily life without being seen by men.  Strict privacy was necessary under the observance of purdah.

The palace situated at the edge of the City Palace complex is a remarkable example of the artistic and architectural abilities of the Rajput rulers in Rajasthan. Constructed in 1799 by Maharaja Sawai Pratap Singh, it continues to serve as a reminder of Jaipur’s royal history and impresses those who visit it with its grandeur and magnificence.

Red Fort: Delhi’s Historical Gem

The Red Fort, also known as Lal Qila, is a vast architectural masterpiece located in the heart of Old Delhi, India and a UNESCO World Heritage Site, drawing visitors with its captivating blend of Persian, Timurid, and Indian architectural styles. It was commissioned by the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in 1638 and served as his primary residence.

The fort was constructed of red sandstone and showcases the Mughal architectural excellence with its massive walls and intricate designs. It is a sprawling complex encompassing beautiful palaces, elegant gardens, and pavilions, all adorned with ornate carvings and delicate marble inlays. The primary entrance is the Lahori Gate, named after its direction towards Lahore, Pakistan.

The fort also holds historical significance as where India’s first Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, hoisted the national flag on August 15, 1947, marking the country’s independence.

Golden Temple: A Beacon of Faith and Harmony

The Golden Temple, also known as Sri Harmandir Sahib, is a magnificent spiritual symbol of Sikhism in Amritsar, Punjab. The construction of the Golden Temple was completed in 1601 under the guidance of Guru Arjan, who was the Fifth Sikh Guru.  It was built to contain the Guru Granth Sahib, considered the holiest book in Sikhism.

The temple’s exterior is made of gold and reflects in the Amrit Sarovar, which is a sacred body of water, creating an astounding and breathtaking visual spectacle.

The Golden Temple is celebrated for embodying Sikh principles of equality and service. The langar, a free community kitchen, serves thousands daily, exemplifying the Sikh commitment to selfless giving. Open to people of all backgrounds, the temple fosters a harmonious atmosphere of reflection and unity.

The Unforgettable Ajanta and Ellora Caves

The Ajanta and Ellora Caves are located in Maharashtra, India, and have been designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.  They epitomise the historical and artistic richness of ancient civilisations. Despite being over 100km apart, visitors often explore them together due to their relative proximity. Ajanta comprises about 29 caves, while Ellora features around 34.

These caves exemplify the evolution of religious traditions and the coexistence of diverse faiths. Ajanta, dating from the 2nd century B.C.E. to 650 CE, functioned as Buddhist prayer halls along the Waghora River, featuring intricate frescoes depicting Buddha’s life.  Ellora was carved between the 6th and 11th centuries CE, and showcases 34 rock-cut caves devoted to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.

Since their British rediscovery in 1819, Ajanta and Ellora are living testaments to India’s cultural heritage, and presenting timeless narratives of mythology and spirituality within their rock-cut structures.

Majestic Victoria Memorial

The Victoria Memorial is a majestic piece of architecturelocated in Kolkata, West Bengal.  It is an enduring tribute to the British Queen Victoria built between 1906 and 1921.

The memorial features a grand marble edifice surrounded by sprawling gardens that blend British and Mughal architectural styles. Its centrepiece is a towering bronze statue of Queen Victoria.

Today, this historical building is one of the top museums in Kolkata, boasting 25 galleries that house an extensive collection of art, artifacts, and memorabilia from the colonial era, offering visitors a glimpse into India’s historical tapestry.

The Enigmatic Qutub Minar

The Qutub Minar is a UNESCO World Heritage site in Delhi.  It is a remarkable example of Indo-Islamic architecture built in the early 13th century by Qutb-ud-din Aibak and later expanded by successive rulers.  The minar reaches a height of 73 meters. Its intricately carved sandstone facade features verses from the Quran and unique geometric patterns.

The adjacent Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque adds to the historical allure with its distinctive iron pillar. As a symbol of Delhi’s rich cultural and architectural legacy, the Qutub Minar remains an enigmatic testament to India’s medieval history and artistic finesse.

The Breathtaking Lotus Temple

The Baha’i House of Worship, affectionately known as the Lotus Temple, stands as a testament to the pinnacle of contemporary Indian architecture and is one of the most frequented religious structures globally.

It’s located on an expansive 9.7-hectare site in South Delhi, and serves as a universal place of worship, embracing individuals of diverse races, religions, and castes.

Emulating the graceful form of the lotus flower, a revered symbol in Indian culture, the Lotus Temple’s design reflects the fundamental tenets of the Baha’i Faith—simplicity, clarity, and renewal. Beyond its aesthetic excellence, the temple symbolises unity, embodying the harmonious coexistence of humanity and varied religious beliefs, extending an inclusive and spiritually reverent invitation to all.

The Iconic Charminar Monument

The Charminar is a stunning example of Persian, Turkish, and Indian architecture constructed in 1591 by Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah in Hyderabad, India.

Its name means “Four Towers,” which refers to its unique structure with four large arches. The monument was built to commemorate the end of a plague and has become a symbol of Hyderabad’s resilience and cultural richness.

The Charminar is a stunning city landmark with intricately carved minarets and a mosque that lights up beautifully at night. It’s near the busy Laad Bazaar, renowned for its traditional bangles. The monument’s timeless significance is due to its architectural grandeur, religious importance, and cultural identity, which draws millions of visitors annually and makes it a potential UNESCO World Heritage site.

Landmarks & Monuments in India built by women:

Women have played significant roles in shaping India’s cultural and architectural heritage throughout its history. If you’re planning to travel to India, here are a few landmarks built by women that you should definitely put on your list.

Virupaksha Temple, Pattadakal, Karnataka:

Built by: Queen Lokamahadevi

History: The Virupaksha Temple holds a significant place within the UNESCO World Heritage site of Pattadakal.  Pattadakal is an expansive complex of temples erected during the 7th and 8th centuries, covering approximately 220 acres. This sacred site encompasses Hindu temples devoted to Lord Shiva and a discreetly positioned Jain temple.

Historically, queens often commissioned temples as expressions of gratitude for their husbands’ victorious returns from battles. Constructed circa 733 AD, the Virupaksha Temple is credited to Queen Lokamahadevi, the spouse of King Vikramaditya II. Dedicated to Lord Shiva, and often functioning as the coronation ground for monarchs, the temple showcases intricate carvings illustrating various mythological scenes, contributing to the region’s rich cultural and historical tapestry.

Itimad-ud-Daulah, Agra, Uttar Pradesh:

Built by: Nur Jahan (Empress Nur Jahan)

History: Itimad-ud-Daulah, situated in Agra, Uttar Pradesh, is an exquisite Mughal mausoleum often called the “Baby Taj.”  It was commissioned by Empress Nur Jahan for her father, Mirza Ghiyas Beg, and predates the Taj Mahal. 

This tomb was built from 1622 to 1628 and features a beautiful white marble exterior, intricate inlay work, and a lovely garden. It is considered a precursor to the grandeur of the Taj Mahal and represents a significant period in the evolution of Mughal architecture.

Itmad-ud-Daulah’s Tomb is a poignant tribute from a daughter, who later became an emperor’s wife and one of the most famous women of her time, to her beloved father.

Dakshineshwar Kali Temple, Kolkata, West Bengal:

Built by: Rani Rashmoni

History: Dakshineswar Kali Temple stands on the eastern bank of the Hooghly River in Kolkata, West Bengal, and is a renowned Hindu temple. It was constructed in 1855 by Rani Rashmoni, a philanthropist and passionate devotee of Goddess Kali, to whom the temple is dedicated. 

Known for its distinctive Navaratna architectural style and serene surroundings, the temple complex includes the Nahavat-Khana, Radha-Krishna temple, and bathing ghats. The Dakshineswar Kali Temple gained further prominence as the spiritual abode of the mystic Ramakrishna Paramahansa in the 19th century, attracting devotees and visitors for its religious significance and architectural splendour.


Exploring these landmarks is like taking a trip through time and experiencing the glory of India’s past and its vibrant present. Add as many of them to your India travel itinerary as possible!

Related: A comprehensive itinerary for India’s Golden Triangle – where you’ll experience many of these incredible landmarks!

Scroll to Top

Sign up to our weekly newsletter now to receive exclusive travel inspiration, special deals and more.

Sign Up